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Diabetes is a serious medical condition that affects over 23 million people in the United States. Diabetes is a disorder where the body is unable to process and regulate blood sugar, which can lead to serious medical problems. There are many people who have already been diagnosed with this lifelong illness and many more with conditions that pre-dispose them to developing it. Research is being done on ways to fight this disease and find a cure.

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What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a situation where the body cannot process and use the sugar that is in the bloodstream. When a person eats a meal, their body breaks down the nutrients in the food to form glucose. Glucose is also called “blood sugar” and it is responsible for providing energy for the body to participate in activities and to grow. An organ in the body called the pancreas produces insulin, which is a substance that allows the glucose to enter the cells of the body to be used. With diabetes, these processes within the body cannot take place. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to eye problems, complications with the body’s circulatory system, and damage to internal organs. It can eventually cause death if not controlled. Diabetes is a serious medical condition that requires management with the help of a doctor.

• The American Diabetes Association: The basics of diabetes.
• Pamphlet from the American Heart Association: What is Diabetes and How Can I Control It?
• The University of California Cooperative Extension: Diabetes definition and types.
• The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation: Explanation of diabetes.

Types of Diabetes
There are three types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to utilize the glucose that is in the body. Glucose levels then increase in the blood, causing a sluggish circulatory system. People with type 1 diabetes must take supplements of insulin for the rest of their lives. Type 1 diabetes occurs frequently in children and young adults, but can develop in people of all ages. For this reason, it is also referred to as juvenile diabetes.

The second type of diabetes is type 2, which is the most common. In this case, the pancreas makes insulin, but the body is unable to use it. Many people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes as adults, and it is frequently associated with being overweight. Approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are over their normal weight.

Gestational diabetes arises in women that are pregnant. During pregnancy a woman with gestational diabetes must control her blood sugars. This condition can make both the mother and baby ill. Gestational diabetes ends when the baby is born, but the woman has a greater risk of developing diabetes later in life.

• Consumer Health Information: Information about the different types of diabetes.
• International Diabetes Federation: Description of the kinds of diabetes.
• Education from the University of Virginia Health System: Explanation and statistics of Type 1 diabetes.
• Consumer Health Reports: Explanation of Type 2 diabetes.

Treatments and Management
Diabetes is treated depending on which type a person has. A doctor can diagnose diabetes by testing a patient’s blood sugar through a lab test. A patient must have their blood drawn after a period of time when they have not eaten a meal. This shows what the body’s regular blood sugar is without being affected by added food. A diagnosis of diabetes is made by comparing several consecutive blood sugars and considering the patient’s lifestyle and situation.

Type 1 diabetes is managed with insulin supplements, sometimes several times a day. A patient must frequently check their blood sugar and take enough insulin to control it. They must also watch their diet and avoid foods with excess sugar, monitor their exercise regime, and manage other symptoms if they occur. Insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes is usually given by injection into the body. Many people wear a small pump, about the size of a cell phone, which directly injects insulin into the body when programmed.

Type 2 diabetes is managed in several ways. Some people need to take insulin supplements, and some can manage their glucose levels with oral medication. They must also watch their diet carefully and follow an exercise program. For an overweight person with type 2 diabetes, the goal is ultimately to lose excess weight, which many times affects how much medication they need to take, if at all.

Treatment for gestational diabetes involves checking glucose levels frequently for the duration of the pregnancy. A woman must also carefully monitor her diet, get frequent exercise, and maintain a healthy pregnancy weight.

• Diabetes Lab Tests: Explanation of different types of diabetes and how they are diagnosed.
• UAB Health Information: Treatment and management of diabetes.
• Rush University Health Center Diabetes Information: Report of care for diabetes.
• Treatment for Diabetes: Explanation from the University of Chicago Medical Center.
• Blood Glucose Monitoring: Article about how to keep track of blood sugar.
• Diabetes Management and Treatment: Overview of care from Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

Diabetes Symptoms
Symptoms of diabetes can be difficult to clarify. They frequently are associated with other signs of illness. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are feeling thirsty, the need for frequent urination, being tired and lethargic, and feeling continually hungry but still losing weight. For a child being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it is especially difficult to pinpoint symptoms, particularly if they are at a young enough age where they cannot explain how they feel. Type 2 diabetes involves all of the symptoms of type 1, as well as vision problems, numbness or tingling in the extremities, and having a sore or infection that is slow to heal. Sometimes, people with type 2 diabetes are unaware that they have it, as they have no symptoms at all. During gestational diabetes, symptoms are not usually noticeable or are attributed to pregnancy symptoms. Gestational diabetes is usually found by a routine lab test during prenatal care.

• New York State Department of Health: Explanation of the symptoms of diabetes.
• Dealing with Diabetes: Report about what symptoms are common with diabetes.
• Health Center: Diabetes: Description of symptoms associated with the disease.
• Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Information about diabetes symptoms.

Facts and Help for Diabetics
Nearly 8% of the population of the United States has some form of diabetes. It affects African-Americans and Hispanics more commonly than any other ethnic group. It is also the seventh leading cause of death in America and causes serious medical problems for the body’s organs. It can lead to stroke, loss of vision, or such poor circulation as to cause amputation of a limb. A doctor must carefully manage diabetes and there are many clinics across the country that assist with specific problems associated with this illness. A person with diabetes must also have supplies for checking their blood sugars and giving injections of insulin if necessary. These supplies are found at pharmacies or are ordered by prescription by a doctor.

• General Diabetes Facts and Information: Basic facts about diabetes.
• Diabetes and Diet: Myths and Facts: Tips and information about diet for those with diabetes.
• Kids Health: Diabetes facts and myths.
• Health First: A comparison of myths vs. facts about diabetes.

Medical News on Diabetes
There is much research that is ongoing in the field of diabetes. New products are being issued for use in the market. Medical news on diabetes can be found at many health sites or in medical journals. This keeps people informed of changes that may be taking place in their healthcare regime. For example, a recent product that has been developed is a form of contact lenses used to monitor blood sugar levels. Patients can wear these lenses to notify them of when their blood glucose is rising, which is less invasive than drawing blood every day. Trends and statistics are also given as part of medical news. People with diabetes can maintain their health program by talking with their doctor and reading medical news reports about their condition.

• Diabetes Professional Resources: Extensive explanation about news and education for those with diabetes.
• The Defeat Diabetes Foundation: Website with news and updates for those living with the disease.
• The Diabetes Research Institute: Updated news and research focused on diabetes.
• The Diabetes Society: News and investigations related to diabetes.

Support and Additional Resources
There are various methods of support for those living with diabetes. Many people find help in a support group for family and those afflicted with the disease. There are recurring activities that raise money for more research toward a cure, such as televised sports events and fundraisers. Many people enjoy getting involved with these activities to sustain support for their health. There are also additional resources available online that offer information and guidance for managing this disease. Diabetes can be very serious when it is not managed, and it is a lifelong illness. For people who maintain contact with their doctor, monitor their health, and receive support, this disease can continue to be controlled.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Article about living with diabetes.
• Living Active with Diabetes: Being connected with others with the disease.
• Diabetes Resource Center, Inc.: Inclusive site with information about managing various aspects of the disease.

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This article is brought to you by 1800wheelchair; we offer patient lifts, mobility scooters & lift chairs.

Statistics from the United States Census Bureau indicate that over 50 million Americans have some kind of disability. As this is a large part of the nation’s population it is important that the rights of disabled individuals are protected. Discrimination against the disabled has been made illegal by acts of legislation and technologies have been developed to improve the lives of the disabled. There are several state, national, and international organizations that advocate on behalf of disabled individuals, whether physical or mental. Below is an informative resource guide to disabilities.

Resource Lists and Directories

• Department of Labor Resources: a compilation of sources on disabled individuals in the workforce.
• Recreational Resources: a list of sites about disability accessibility in recreation, arts, and leisure.
• Aging and Disability: a resource page for disabilities in the elderly.
• Cognitive Disability Resources: an informational page on mental disabilities.
• Learning Disability Resources: a list of sites for children and adults with learning disabilities.
• International Center for Disability Resources on the Internet: clearinghouse for online resources.
• Apparelyzed: spinal cord injury peer support.

National Disability Organizations

• American Association of People With Disabilities: the largest all-encompassing disability organization in the United States.
• The ARC: a voluntary organization that works for the welfare of the mentally disabled and their families.
• Disability Education Rights and Defense Fund: a policy center dedicated to protecting the civil rights of disabled Americans.
• Disabled American Veterans: an advocacy non-profit organizations for disabled war veterans.
• National Organization on Disability: this organization works for the full and equal participation of the 54 million disabled Americans.

International Disability Organizations

• International Disability Alliance: promotes the UN convention in the advocacy of the disabled world-wide.
• World Institute on Disability: an international policy organization that researches disability issues around the world.
• TASH: an international institute for the advocacy of disabled individuals and their families.
• Disabilities Studies Quarterly: an international, scholarly journal devoted to the research and advocacy of disability issues.
• The Institute of Human Centered Design: a global community that works towards the adoption of international standards for equal participation of the disabled in all aspects of life.

Assistive Technology

• Glossary: a list of definitions to key terms in assistive technology for families of the disabled.
• Financing Assistive Technology: a handbook on making assistive technologies affordable.
• Assistive Technology Industry Association: an organization dedicated to creating the best tools and technologies for the disabled.
• Assistive Technology: information including specific technologies and activities to improve the lives of disabled individuals.

Disability Legislation

• A Guide to Disabilities Rights Laws: the Justice Department’s overview of 10 of the nation’s disability regulations.
• Americans with Disabilities Act: a copy of the 1990 legislation that ensured certain civil rights for the disabled.

Federal Agencies

• National Council on Disability: an independent agency of the federal government that works with policies and programs that create equal opportunities for the disabled.
• ADA: as an agency of the Justice Department, the ADA works on behalf of disabled Americans.
• Equal Opportunity Employment Commission: an agency that works to eliminate discrimination in the workforce based on factors such as age, race, gender, and disability.
• Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services: an agency of the Department of Education that improves the lives of disabled individuals.

Parenting Information and Support

• Parenting a Child with Special Needs: advice for parenting and understanding disabled children.
• Special Needs Children: a resource page of parenting advocacy article for special needs children.
• Parenting Children with Learning Disabilities: tips to benefit the education of students with learning disabilities.
• The Father’s Role: specific parenting tips for fathers of disabled children.

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This article is brought to you by 1800wheelchair; we offer patient lifts, mobility scooters & lift chairs.

Job Seeking

• The ADA: Your Responsibilities as an Employer: rules and regulations required of employers to accommodate those with disabilities.
• A Guide for People with Disabilities Seeking Employment: primer for those with disabilities on their rights in the workplace.
• Economic Independence Through Jobs & Self-Employment: official government guide to obtaining and maintaining a job.
• Finding a Job That’s Right For You: article that details what kind of jobs individuals with disabilities should look for.
• USA Jobs: fact sheet on finding a job within the federal government.
• Ability Jobs: job listing and resume assistance for people with disabilities.
• Project Hired: organization committed to helping people with disabilities obtain and keep jobs.
• Federal Jobs: listing of federal and government jobs especially for those with disabilities.
• WorkWORLD: software designed to manage skills with Federal and Social Security compensation.
• Career-Related Resources for Students With Disabilities: listing of helpful organizations and foundations.
• Ability Links: job-related resources for employees and employers.
• Vocational Rehabilitation: vocational rehab resources specifically for individuals with disabilities.
• Project Work: provides assistance and information with those with intellectual disabilities.
• Employment for Persons With Disabilities: resources on finding jobs and vocational rehabilitation.
• Lift Inc.: organization that aims to recruit and train individuals with disabilities for information management and information technology positions.
• National Business and Disability Council: group for business looking to hire individuals with disabilities.

Legal Assistance & Accessibility Guidelines

• ADA Enforcement: the Americans with Disabilities Act was created to make an even playing field for all Americans, regardless of abilities. The Act is broken up into several titles including:
  • ADA Regulation for Title II
  • ADA Regulation for Title III

• Rehabilitation Act of 1973: act passed that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
• Section 508: a section of the Rehabilitation Act that strives to make sure that information is readily available to all people.
• Disability/ Handicapped Law and Legal Issues: compilation of resources regarding employment and disability law.

General Resources

• Centers for Independent Living: complete, searchable listing of CILs for people with disabilities
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission: the enforcing agent for Title I of the ADA.
• Disability.gov: official government portal for individuals with disabilities.
• Resources for the Disabled: job, career, and lifestyle information.
• Department of Labor Disability Resources:provides job links and a directory of disability contacts across the country.
• Benefits for People With Disabilities: information on benefits, insurance, and Social Security.
• Disability Statistics: statistics and information on people with disabilities in the United States.
• Disabled American Veterans: benefits and resources for disabled veterans.

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Wheelchairs change lives. Wheelchairs free the disabled around the globe, allowing independence and a better quality of life. Wheelchairs no longer signal “can’t do” but “can do.” And that’s no handicap.

But there are hardships. Some buildings aren’t wheelchair accessible, they have no ramps, no automatic doors. Unthinking consumers still park in handicapped parking spots. Lack of mobility makes it hard to maintain positive outlooks on retrospective days for the newly disabled. For those who have always been in a wheelchair, it doesn’t always become a natural extension of self.

Depending on the level of paralysis, amputation, or illness like muscular dystrophy, the handicapped person can lift themselves in and out of their wheelchair on their own, bathe themselves, fix dinner for the family, drive a car, go shopping.

The Americans With Disabilities Act provides a Bill of Rights for the disabled or “differently-abled” as some contend. Schools must accommodate special needs. Government buildings must be accessible. The Act protects Americans, but there is no such Act to protect over 100 million handicapped in over 150 countries worldwide. One startling statistic: 20 percent of Angola’s population is disabled. Landmine casualties in countries such as Afghanistan, Cambodia, Bosnia, and Mozambique are extremely high and most of those maimed by landmines do not have wheelchairs.

Organizations such as the Wheelchair Foundation work with charities throughout the United States and the world to provide low-cost wheelchairs to those in need. For those in developing countries with rough terrain, the wheelchairs are built to withstand heavy, rough use and cost around $150 to make. The prices in some of those non-Western countries for basic commercially made wheelchairs are inflated to over $1700, making them inaccessible to all but the rich. It’s challenging to get these people the wheelchairs they need due to governmental and customs red tape, and at times, corruption. The black market for wheelchairs isn’t high, but fraud can be a problem.

U.S. and International Wheelchair Relief Organizations

International Wheelchair Foundation Provides wheelchairs for over 150 countries worldwide.

Assistive Technology Organization Links From Able-Data, the links provide information to sites that offer assistive technology devices and other durable medical equipment.

Department of Justice ADA Links

Disability Rights Law Federal mandates provide non-discrimination information about the basic rights of handicapped persons regarding employment, government, commercial, and public accommodations and access, transportation, and telecommunications.

ADA Technical Assistance Links to technical materials regarding disabilities. Extensive list of documents for the public.

Small Town ADA Regulations Smaller towns and cities often do not have the budgets to create ramps and other accommodations for the disabled. This is a list of the regulations that they are bound by at minimum.

City Government ADA Problems Budgetary and architectural problems, red tape and committee problems can provide impediments to accessibility.

Civil Rights FAQ-ADA Learn about your civil rights as a handicapped person in the United States.

The Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation

Reeve Paralysis Act 2009 Introduced in 2007 to a bipartisan sponsorship, the CDRPA promotes collaborative research, rehabilitative care research, and improving quality of lives for those with mobility impairments. Signed by President Barack Obama March 20, 2009 as Title XIV of the Omnibus Public Lands Bill.

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